Effects of ambient temperature and trip characteristics on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle

This work evaluates the impacts of ambient temperature and trip characteristics on energy consumption an electric vehicle (EV) during road tests. The are here defined by driving distance, stop time percentage average speed. analysis uses data collected from real-world EV in one most populous metropolitan regions UK for almost four years, using a dedicated monitoring software real-time processing. results reveal that specific (SEC) increases under operation at low temperature, also showing larger scatter. Significant changes SEC linked to auxiliary demand characteristics, especially cold temperatures. Trips complying with test procedure produced lower than random trips temperatures but showed closed values moderate At both conditions presented urban driving, comparison rural motorway operation, confirming its adequacy application areas. Urban 0 °C 15 has range 28% 25 °C.